Chicago Style Bibliography: Footnotes and Endnotes
The titles of works, such as those from which the figures are taken, should be reproduced according to the standard Chicago Style rules, discussed in Chapter 8 of the manual, for notes and textual references. [] There's no fixed format for combining citations with extra information or commentary; just phrase it in a way that makes sense for your purposes. A couple of examples of different approaches you could use: Titles listed in the text, notes, or bibliography are capitalized. Similarly, the first words of the titles and subtitles should also be italicized or enclosed in quotation marks. Use lowercase to classify periods. Unlike the Chicago Manual of Style, Turabian provides more recommendations for formatting different levels of headings and subheadings. Following this system is not mandatory, but recommended. In the table below, you can find a comprehensive list of formatting recommendations for each of the three heading levels:
If the whole paragraph is paraphrasing information from the same source, it's reasonable to just cite that source at the end of the paragraph rather than repeatedly in every sentence. As long as it's clear to the reader where the information comes from, this is a valid option. The guidelines for use of short and full notes can vary across different fields and institutions. Sometimes you might be required to use a full note for every citation, or to use a short note every time as long as all sources appear in the bibliography. Check with your instructor if youre unsure. If you use a website name as an author, you may end up repeating the same information twice in one citation. Omit the website name from its usual place if youve already listed it in place of the author. If you are adding headings in various ways like headings, subheadings, chapters, and different subjects, then you should be careful of the formatting. Make the same nature of headings appear similar. Bold them and capitalize them in the same way. You should also make sure the main headings stand out more than the rest. Another important thing is headline capitalization. In headline capitalization, you should capitalize the first letter of every main word in the heading. Words like pronouns, punctuations, and articles are never capitalized in the headings unless they are the first word of the heading.
Frequently asked questions about Chicago style footnotes
Chicago style format paper - Block quotations are the extracts and any quote involving more than 100 words should be blocked. Moreover, poetry with more than two lines should also be blocked. Never place this extract in quotation marks and begin it with a new line.
The correct formatting for headline capitalization is as follows. If you follow the Notes-Bibliography method, both Chicago and Turabian writing styles imply using footnotes or endnotes whenever you quote an external source directly or include paraphrased information. When using the Author-Date style, on the contrary, you need to include parentheses in text to cite your sources. However, your institutions guidelines may differ from the standard rule. In some fields, youre required to use a full note every time, whereas in some other fields you can use short notes every time, as long as all sources are listed in your bibliography. If youre not sure, check with your instructor. A bibliography or a reference list is included at the end of your paper. It should not be double-spaced but has a blank link between entries. A inch indent should apply to the first line if an entry extends in the second line. The guidelines for this style of formatting were shaped for professionals in social sciences who publish their articles in journals, magazines, etc. An alternative to Chicago style that is geared more for students and researchers is Turabian format. It consists of slightly different requirements for citing and formatting academic papers. This style also applies to papers written in social sciencesin particular: History, Business, Fine Art, etc.
Chicago Style Sample Research Paper - From that point on, you should use the acronym alone. Numerals, nor acronyms, should not be written at the beginning of a sentence. You will need to either rewrite the sentence so that the numeral or acronym appears elsewhere, or write out the full phrase or number: Instead of "200 people answered the question" or "Two hundred people answered the question" use "We received 200 responses.
The editor of the whole book is listed toward the end of the
footnote (with the abbreviation ed. ), and left out of the short
note. Where does the footnote go when referencing a name that has
apostrophe-s after it? Georg Böhm's8 keyboard setting or
Georg
Böhm8's keyboard setting. (assuming that the 8 is superscript in
each case)? The usual standard is to include full source
information in the first footnote for a given source, then use
the shortened form for subsequent citations of the same source.
Some institutions prefer you to use the shortened form every
time; you could check whether your institution has any guidelines
regarding this. Otherwise, stick to the standard approach of
using the full form for the first citation of each
sourcecumbersome though it is! You should avoid using acronyms in
your text without introducing them first. If you use the acronym
in your text for the first time, it will confuse your reader and
they will have no idea what you are referring to. Therefore, it
is important to introduce the acronym in the text in the
following format.
Chicago manual of style 17th edition recommends using words, not numerals. For example, it is thirty-five and not 35. If numbers are required in any case, they must be lower than 100. Moreover, they can also be used in a measurement like 14 cm or using decimals like 2. 7. In notes and bibliography style, you use Chicago style footnotes to cite sources; a bibliography is optional but recommended. If you dont include one, be sure to use a full note for the first citation of each source. After this, you can use the acronym WHO as many times as you want without confusing your audience. Acronyms should also not be placed at the beginning of a sentence. Either change the order of your words to make them appear somewhere else or try writing the full form. The main body of your paper is where most of your content lies. It is important to format it properly. There is a lot to take care of in the main body. The headings, footnotes, references, and text lie in the main body. A detailed analysis of every part of the main body is explained below. When more than one table is included, table numbering is recommended. However, this numbering should be separate from figure/illustration numbering (for example, fig. 1, fig 2. , table 1, fig 3. ). [] The author is the one who wrote the specific chapter youre citing.
Figure 1. An example of syzygy (celestial alignment) above the La
Silla observatory, Chile. (Photograph by Yuri Beletsky, Three
Planets Dance over La Silla, June 3, 2013, European Southern
Observatory, ). The first line of all new paragraphs should begin
with an indent. You can use either the tab key oryour word
processor's indentation tool to make your indentationsjust be
sure to be consistent and use the same process throughout your
paper. Citing the magazine by using the same structure to cite a
newspaper. It consists of the author's name, the book's title,
publisher city, publisher name, the year of publication, and the
web address.