How to include multiple citations in your text
Throughout the body of your paper (primarily the Intro and Discussion), whenever you refer to outside sources of information, you must cite the sources from which you drew information. The simplest way to do this is to parenthetically give the author's last name and the year of publication, e.g., (Clarke 2001). When citing information from another's publication, be sure to report the relevant aspects of the work clearly and succinctly, IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Provide a reference to the work as soon as possible after giving the information. The MLA Handbook describes how to cite many different kinds of authors and content creators. However, you may occasionally encountera source or author category that the handbook does not describe, making the best way to proceed can be unclear. For unusual reference citations such a government documents, technical reports, etc, refer to Huth et al (1994) for a complete listing of citation formats. A copy of this reference should be available in the Ladd Library and a copy is available in the Biology Department.
). Remember that citing sources is a rhetorical task, and, as such, can vary based on your audience. If youre writing for an expert audience of a scholarly journal, for example, you may need to deal with expectations of what constitutes common knowledge that differ from common norms. This suggests that familiarity with nonnative speech in general, although it is clearly not as important a variable as topic familiarity, may indeed have some effect. That is, prior experience with nonnative speech, such as that gained by listening to the reading, facilitates comprehension. (Gass & Varonis, 1984, p. 77) In academic papers and essays, you should avoid relying too heavily on quotes. When you want to refer to information or ideas from a source, its often best to paraphrase, which means putting the passage in your own words. This shows that you have fully understood the text and ensures your own voice is dominant. Common sense and ethics should determine your need for documenting sources. You do not need to give sources for familiar proverbs, well-known quotations or common knowledge. Remember, this is a rhetorical choice, based on audience.
If you're writing for an expert audience of a scholarly journal, for example, they'll have different expectations of what constitutes common knowledge. Because each style has many small differences regarding things like italicization, capitalization, and punctuation, it can be difficult to get every detail right. The easiest option is to use a citation generator. If the structure and the majority of the words are the same as in the original source, then you are committing verbatim plagiarism. This is the case even if you delete a few words or replace them with synonyms. In your first parenthetical citation, you want to make clear which Bible you're using (and underline or italicize the title), as each version varies in its translation, followed by book (do not italicize or underline), chapter, and verse. For example: N. B notice how you can use in-text citations in different ways depending on whether you want the emphasis on the author (the first in-text citation above) or whether you want the emphasis on the idea (the second in-text citation). If you cite more than one work by a particular author, include a shortened title for the particular work from which you are quoting to distinguish it from the others. Put short titles of books in italics and short titles of articles in quotation marks.
The results of the survey showed that the standard of living was
higher in the coastal regions (Williams, 2004a). Further research
revealed that employment figures were also higher (Williams,
2004b). When youre dealing with a lot of sources, its easy to
make mistakes that could constitute plagiarismfor example, by
accidentally forgetting to add a citation after a quote, or
paraphrasing a source in a way thats too close to the original
text. How to quote from an article, but the phrase has another
contributor that isn't part of the authors of that article. This
is what I want to quote
"Durkin (2000) stress that challenging life experiences can offer
more stimulation to ones thoughts and promote self-learning.
"
This is the reference
Pan, T. J. (2012). Motivations of volunteer overseas and what
have we learned The experience of Taiwanese students. Tourism
Management, 33(6), 14931501. The best choice depends on your
field and discipline. APA is the most common style in the social
sciences, while MLA is the most common style in the humanities.
Other disciplines, like medicine or engineering, often have their
own specific styles. A block quote is a long quote formatted as a
separate block of text.
How to cite an essay in text - Mortimer, R. 1975. A study of hormonal regulation of body temperature and consequences for reproductive success in the common house mouse (Mus musculus) in Nome, Alaska. Masters Thesis, University of Alaska, Anchorage. 83 p.
But it's not always necessary to provide translations if your audience is likely to understand the original anyway. It would be best to check with your instructor whether this is necessary in your case. If you lack confidence citing sources, there are automated tools and services that can help you check if youve done it correctly. A plagiarism checker makes sure youve included citations where theyre needed, while a citation checker makes sure youve formatted your citations correctly. An essay's general statement is a broad introduction to the paper's topic. For example, a persuasive essay aimed at convincing the reader to take action against global warming might begin with a brief description of what climate change means. In scientific subjects, the information itself is more important than how it was expressed, so quotes should generally be kept to a minimum. In the arts and humanities, however, well-chosen quotes are often essential to a good paper. If you quote more than a few lines from a source, you must format it as a block quote. Instead of using quotation marks, you set the quote on a new line and indent it so that it forms a separate block of text.
It is best practice when citing the same source throughout a single paragraph to cite itin the first sentence where it is used, and while the source remainsclear andunchangedi. e. you don't refer to another source, do not repeat the citation. However, although the citation is not repeated it must be clear from the context of that writing that the same source is being used. A few researchers in the linguistics field have developed training programs designed to improve native speakers' ability to understand accented speech (Derwinget al. , 2002; Thomas, 2004). Their training techniques are based on the research described above indicating that comprehension improves with exposure to non-native speech. Derwing et al. (2002) conducted their training with students preparing to be social workers, but note that other professionals who work with non-native speakers could benefit from a similar program. If you want to comment on how the author uses language (for example, in papers about literature, linguistics, communication and media), it is necessary to quote so that the reader can see the exact passage you are referring to. It can be a good idea to translate quotes into the language you're writing in. Sometimes you might also present the original text in parentheses alongside your translation, if the specific words used are important to show.
Citing two articles by the same author: In social sciences, the
amount of quotes you use depends partly on whether youre doing
qualitative or quantitative research. If youre dealing mainly
with numbers and statistics, you shouldnt include many quotes,
but if youre dealing mainly with words, you will need to quote
from the data you collected. Add a citation whenever you quote,
paraphrase, or summarize information or ideas from a source. You
should also give full source details in a bibliography or
reference list at the end of your text. Many university
departments and academic journals require a specific citation
style, so first check the guidelines. If no citation style is
specified, you need to choose one and use it consistently
throughout your paper. In these cases, it's typicallyacceptable
to apply the generalprinciples of MLA citation to the new kind of
source in a way that's consistent and sensible. A good way to do
this is to simply use the standard MLA directions for a type of
source that resembles the source you want to cite. If you cite
more than one work by an author, include a shortened title for
the particular work from which you are quoting to distinguish it
from the others.
You should always try to read the original work where possible, but if not, you must make it clear that you have not read the original work by using the phrase cited in and then include the reference for the source from which the information is taken. World Wide Web/Internet source citations: WWW citation should be done with caution since so much is posted without peer review. When necessary, report the complete URL in the text including the site author's name: Be cautious when citing works where the author is not obvious, because this can sometimes mean that the work is not suitable to include as an academic source. However, if you do need to cite a work which appears to have no author, use either the title of the work, the name of the publication or the website instead. In some disciplines, you can use the abbreviation Anon (for Anonymous). If you are unsure, please check with your tutor. Sometimes you may have to use an indirect source. An indirect source is a source cited within another source. For such indirect quotations, use "qtd. in" to indicate the source you actually consulted. For example: Common sense and ethics should determine your need for documenting sources. You do not need to give sources for familiar proverbs, well-known quotations, or common knowledge (For example, it is expected that U. S. citizens know that George Washington was the first President.
Instead of using quotation marks, you place the quote on a new line, and indent the entire quote to mark it apart from your own words. Try to put others ideas in your own words when possible. But if a passage does a great job at expressing, explaining, or defining something, and it would be very difficult to paraphrase without changing the meaning or losing the impact, it could be worth quoting directly. For a source with more than three authors, use the work's bibliographic information as a guide for your citation. Provide the first author's last name followed by et al. or list all the last names. If you are struggling to find the publishing information of a book, such as the place of publication or the publisher, check OneSearch, the library catalogue. You can also find publishing information on the websites ofbook sellers, publishers and other libraries. You can use a URL or DOI or input the source details manually, and the generator will automatically produce an in-text citation and reference entry in the correct format. You can save your reference list as you go and download it when youre done. This is when you are citing the work of an author which is mentioned in a book or journal article by another author.
In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations. This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i. e. , just before the period). However, as the examples below will illustrate, there are situations where it makes sense to put the parenthetical elsewhere in the sentence, or even to leave information out. Sources that take the form of a dialogue involving two or more participants have special guidelines for their quotation and citation. Each line of dialogue should begin with the speaker's name written in all capitals and indented half an inch. A period follows the name (e. g. , JAMES. ). After the period, write the dialogue. Each successive line after the first should receive an additional indentation. When another person begins speaking, start a new line with that person's name indented only half an inch. Repeat this pattern each time the speaker changes. You can include stage directions in the quote if they appear in the original source.
Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style are covered throughout theMLA Handbookand in chapter 7 of theMLA Style Manual. Both books provide extensive examples, so it's a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question. Avoid including quotations as entire stand-alone sentences. Each time you quote, you must introduce it in your own words. This shows the reader why youre including the quote and how it relates to your argument. In the rare cases where there is no person or organisation thatcan be usedas an author, consider carefully whether the source is suitable for an academic assignment. If you still want to reference it, then you canuse the title of the work in place of the author. In MLA style, referring to the works of others in your text is done by using what is known as parenthetical citation. This method involves placing relevant source information in parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase. If some parts of a passage are redundant or irrelevant, you can shorten the quote by removing words, phrases, or sentences and replacing them with three dots, called an ellipsis. Most style guides specify that there should be a space before, after, and between each of the dots.
You may also want to investigate whether a third-party organization has provided directions for how to cite this kind of source. For example, Norquest College provides guidelines for citingIndigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepersan author category that does not appear in the MLA Handbook. In cases like this, however, it's a good idea to ask your instructor or supervisor whether using third-party citation guidelines might present problems. If the title of the work begins with a quotation mark, such as a title that refers to another work, that quote or quoted title can be used as the shortened title. The single quotation marks must be included in the parenthetical, rather than the double quotation. Whether you quote or paraphrase, you must always include a citation in order to avoid plagiarism. Citing also allows your reader to find the original source for themselves, which makes your writing more credible. To convince the reader of your argument, interpretation or position on a topic, its often helpful to include quotes that support your point. Quotes from primary sources (for example, interview transcripts or historical documents) are especially credible as evidence.