Additional Punctuation Rules When Using Quotation Marks
In-text citations have two functions.First, they alert the reader that information from source material was used in a sentence where the in-text citation appears.It lets the reader know who's work influenced the writer's position or conclusions on the topic. Second, it serves as a finding tool so that the reader can quickly find the full reference in the referencelist.The reference and in-text citation need to match.The example below illustrates how these match: Students learning how to paraphrase may inadvertently "patch write." Patch writing occurs when a writer usesa passage from source material and changes a few words and phrases before including the passage in a paper or assignment. Not only is this "bad"paraphrasing but it is also a form ofplagiarism. View the example below to gain a better understanding of patch writing: Generally, it is preferable to try to put the information into your own words, and to reserve direct quotations either for including relevant facts and figures (that are not common knowledge) or for particularly memorable wording. Select quotations that give weight to your arguments, not ones that only repeat information that you have already given. University of Tulsa psychologist Judy Berryconducted a study ofeighth graders who had taken a parenting course.Students had to treata ten-pound sack of flour as if it were a baby.The results of Berry's study suggestedthat teenagers in the study had abetter understandingof parental responsibility than they did before they took the course(Harper, 1996).
Using quotations in essays - Like other quotations, block quotes should always be integrated into your text with an introduction that makes it clear why the quote has been included. To learn more, read the full guide on how to block quote.
If you cite more than one paragraph, the first line of the second paragraph should be indented an extra 1/4 inch to denote a new paragraph: In-text citations follow the Author-Date pattern and appear in the sentence where information from source material is used. Placement of in-text citations vary depending on whether the author(s) name is incorporated into the sentence (narrative citation) or if the author(s) is not named directly in the sentence(parenthetical citation). In-text citations are a part of the sentence and appear before the ending period. This is the most common form of in-text citation. It is composed of the author(s) last name and the year of publication. It iscalled a parenthetical citation because this information is enclosed in parentheses. The parenthetical citation appears at the end of the sentence where information from the source was usedand, because it is a part of the sentence, appears before the period. See the example of a parenthetical citation below: Smith didnt invent those plans herself; these details were probably part of a university budget proposal a year or more ago, and there are probably artist renderings of the finished building on the university website.
Place direct quotations longer than 40 words in a free-standing block of typewritten lines, and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin, i. e. , in the same place you would begin a new paragraph. Type the entire quotation on the new margin, and indent the first line of any subsequent paragraph within the quotation 1/2 inch from the new margin. Maintain double-spacing throughout. The parenthetical reference should come after the closing punctuation mark. (Angeli, et al. , 2018,para. 27) Bogel states, "Campaign slogans, for example, are often built on this presumed correlation of form with meaning, as in the hopeful phrase 'Win with Willkie,' which sought to connect victory with the candidate by means of alliterative bonding" (168). NOTE: Remember that you must reference the use of someone else's ideas or findings as well as direct quotations. (For more information on how to reference, see the informatin on the series on referencing styles. ) The information in this Fastfacts handout is based on the MLA style, established by the Modern Language Association for referencing in the arts. When citing two or more paragraphs, use block quotation format, even if the passage from the paragraphs is less than four lines.
Single vs double quotation marks
Using quotations effectively in your essays - The narrative citation is used when the author's name is used in a sentence.In this case, the year of publication enclosed in parentheses follows the author's name in the sentence.See the example of a narrative citation below:
When using short (fewer than three lines of verse) quotations from poetry, mark breaks in verse with a slash, ( / ), at the end of each line of verse (a space should precede and follow the slash). If a stanza break occurs during the quotation, use a double slash ( // ). The links below lead to systems where you can type in your information and have a citation compiled for you. Note that these systems are not foolproof so it is important that you verify that the citation is correct and check your spelling, capitalization, etc. However, they can be useful in creating basic types of citations, particularly for online sources. Putting the information and ideas from anothers work into your own works is called Paraphrasing. Paraphrasing rather than using direct quotations allows you to demonstrate that you really understand the concepts being discussed. It also allows you to integrate the information you are using more smoothly into the rest of the material. This was good. I have been told I am using too many quotes in my stories but since I tape them all, why not use as many as possible in the story? Since Im paraphrasing the quotes, anyway, what is the big deal?