European Collaboration on Dementia
Depending on their location and extent, tumors can cause only discrete cognitive deficits, or they may produce global cognitive impairment characteristic of a dementia syndrome. Tumors in the thalamus, hypothalamus, or frontal or temporal cortex are more often associated with dementia. As noted above, chemotherapy can sometimes be associated with development of dementia independent of the tumor.- Search for:
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Research paper topics on dementia
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An action research paper documents a "cycle of inquiry," in which the writer evaluates a problem and develops a strategy of reform. Educators and educational administrators typically use this writing format to foster continual improvement in teaching or organizational methods. Action research papers include several predefined steps, including problem identification, data collection, interpretation of varying theories, proposed resolution and implementation plans. Rather than analyzing problems objectively, the goal is for writers to assess their own roles in promoting progress. GSS is a familial disorder that typically occurs between the ages of 40 and 70, with a duration ranging from 4 to 10 years. It presents as a cerebellar syndrome and dementia. Early motor features are consistent with cerebellar dysfunction, including impaired smooth pursuit eye movements, coordination difficulty, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. Parkinsonian symptoms are also sometimes reported. Bradykinesia, rigidity, and extensor plantar responses are also observed during the later stages.
Abstinence from alcohol, together with improved dietary nutrition, results in at least partial reversal of many cognitive deficits, with recovery being dependent both on the chronicity of abuse and on the length of abstinence. However, it is rare for an alcoholic to return to their baseline level of cognitive functioning. Medical management of opportunistic infections with antimicrobials, control of affective disorders with psychotherapy and medication, and careful monitoring of potential toxic and/or metabolic disruptions is important for limiting progression due to these secondary causes of dementia. Although it has significant side effects, the drug azidothymidine (AZT) has been beneficial in limiting viral replication within the individual and improving cognitive function. Individuals with mild to moderate dementia associated with HIV infection have shown improvement in cognition and in cerebral glucose metabolism following AZT treatment. The benefits from AZT are time-limited, however, typically lasting several months before the virus continues to progress.
Repeated minor head blows, such as those that occur in boxing, result in the condition known as dementia pugilistica. Degeneration of the substantia nigra, neuronal loss in the cortex and cerebellum, neurofibrillary tangle formation and diffuse deposition of beta-amyloid plaques are seen at autopsy. Initial clinical features include mild coordination difficulty and affective dyscontrol, followed by apraxia, aphasia, agnosia, apathy, blunted affect and focal neurologic signs. End stages of the disease are characterized by global cognitive deterioration and the development of parkinsonism. Chronic pulmonary encephalopathy may result from a variety of diseases that produce pulmonary insufficiency such as emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Tremor and asterixis, headache, and papilledema may reflect physical manifestations of pulmonary encephalopathy.
Reduction of the risk factors associated with contraction of HIV through community education, particularly related to intravenous drug abuse and unprotected and promiscuous sexual relations, should also be helpful in reducing the spread of this disease. From other research, we know that in patients with frontotemporal dementia, apathy is a bad sign in terms of independent living and survival. Here we show its importance in the decades before symptoms begin, said Professor James Rowe from the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, joint senior author. My favourite teacher essay in english class 6, short essay on flood in bihar. Bucket list movie essay ap lit question 3 sample essays case study chapter 13 essay on education of india can you paraphrase in an essay fitzwilliam essay competition winners, sympathetic nervous system essay my immigrant parents story essay what are your weaknesses examples essay. The beginning of everything essay genetic engineering research paper outline: high school research paper on renewable energy.
PD is most prominently associated with motor abnormalities involving a resting tremor, loss of postural reflexes, stooped posture, bradykinesia (slowed movement), cogwheel rigidity, and slow shuffling gait.
Vascular lesions to the thalamus may produce a range of neurological and neuropsychological deficits depending on the specific thalamic nuclei involved. From a neurological perspective, thalamic hemorrhage may be associated with greater sensory than motor loss, memory impairment, impaired vertical gaze, and aphasic symptoms, if the lesion occurred in the dominant hemisphere. Variable arousal, including hypersomnia and loss of consciousness, have been reported with lesions (usually bilateral) to the paramedian thalamus. Disturbed attention on less-structured tasks may also be seen in thalamic lesions. Deficits that are typically characteristic of frontal lobe lesions are frequently associated with thalamic lesions as well, possibly in the region of the dorsomedial nucleus. These deficits include perseveration, increased susceptibility to interference, difficulty in sequencing information, and personality changes such as apathy, abulia, lack of concern, and euphoria.- Digital World Research Centre
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Disorientation, drowsiness, forgetfulness, and variable attention are common mental status changes associated with this condition. As in cardiovascular disease, decreased cerebral oxygen and increased carbon dioxide buildup in neuronal tissue is thought to be associated with the clinical manifestations of the disorder. A similar cognitive presentation has been described in hypoxia associated with living at high altitudes for extended periods. Sleep apnea has been cited as a common cause of cognitive impairment, particularly in the elderly, by producing chronic hypoxia and sleep deprivation. Finally, postanoxic states caused by cardiopulmonary arrest, carbon monoxide poisoning, hanging, and strangulation may produce a gradient of cerebral damage ranging from complete brain death, persistent vegetative state characterized by return of autonomic functioning without apparent higher cognitive activity, or variable deficits of higher cognitive functions, depending on the extent of cerebral damage. Amnesia, aphasia, agnosia, visuospatial and visuoconstructional deficits, together with spasticity, dystonia, and ataxia have been described in variable combinations in postanoxic cases. Milder cases may present with impaired judgment, memory deficits, and disinhibition.
Human-to-human transmission of CJD has also been documented through corneal transplants, human pituitary growth hormone therapy, human pituitary gonadotropin therapy, dura mater grafts, contaminated electroencephalographic electrode implants, and other neurosurgical procedures. Kuru was once common and was the leading cause of death among the Fore tribe in New Guinea. This disease also is associated with human-to-human transmission, as it is thought to be related to the cannibalistic consumption of dead family members. In addition to dementia, kuru is associated with gait ataxia, followed by limb ataxia, a shiver-like tremor, and dysarthria. The project will be led by Larissa Ferraz an undergraduate student intern in music and media. Larissa is a third year student on studying gerontologyat the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR), Brazil. The project is supervised by Professor DavidFrohlich, Director of the Digital World Research Centre at the University of Surrey and Professor Paula Castro from the Department of Gerontology at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR). Action research papers provide a valuable inquiry process for settings in which a group of professionals need ongoing reform to deliver the best results.
Electroconvulsive therapy has also been effective in treating the depression associated with Huntingtons disease. Psychosocial interventions, including genetic counseling, personal counseling, patient and caregiver support groups, and management of psychiatric disturbances, play a significant role in the treatment of these patients. The recently reported epidemic of Bovine Spongioform Encephalopathy (BSE or prion disease affecting cattle) in the United Kingdom has caused increased attention to be focused on the intraspecies transmission of prion disease. There has been some speculation that byproducts of sheep infected with scrapie may have been incorporated into cattle feed and may be associated with the apparent increase of BSE in British cattle. Transmission of prion disease from cattle to humans is not well documented, although two cases of CJD in individuals who were occupationally exposed to BSE have been reported in England and Wales. Thus far, the concurrence of CJD and BSE is less than that which could have occurred by chance, and the incidence of CJD in Europe has remained static over recent years.
The topic may involve fixing an existing problem, such as student absenteeism, or learning about a subject that seems promising, such as blending learning models. As action research papers are informal and intended for an organizational audience, the format varies while incorporating staple elements. The paper may be written in first person and include an abstract. Based on thorough investigative research, the opening sections of an action paper evaluate existing theories and values from other experts alongside the writers' proposed beliefs. Another important element is the problem statement, which identifies the focus, research questions and challenges the writer faces in developing an effective strategy. The body of the paper addresses the writer's methods of data collection and analysis of their impact. Data collection usually involves actionable fieldwork, enabling researchers to tailor their analyses to their own environments. Toward the conclusion, the paper reports findings and presents a plan to take action to implement a proven, repeatable method.
Small handwriting, dysarthria, reduced vocal volume, and a tendency to speak in a monotone fashion may also be seen. Between 25 and 40 of PD patients may develop dementia. When present, PD dementia typically occurs during the later stages of the disorder. Maura Malpetti, a cognitive scientist at the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge and her colleagues showed how apathy predicts cognitive decline even before the dementia symptoms emerge. We use your sign-up to provide content in ways you've consented to and to improve our understanding of you. This may include adverts from us and 3rd parties based on our understanding. You can unsubscribe at any time. More info The project collected existing studies and presented its findings in a comparative report. Furthermore, taking into account economic differences between the various Member States of the European Union, the project resulted in the publication of a report on the socio-economic impact of dementia in Europe. A heterogeneous spectrum of disorders involving progressive ataxia, some of which are genetically inherited, are also associated with dementia.
Language following ventrolateral and ventroanterior thalamic lesions is generally characterized by intact repetition, comprehension, reading, and writing, contrasted with impaired speech initiation, diminished content of speech, reduced word list generation, dysprosody, dysarthria, perseveration, and hypophonia. Lesions in the pulvinat and posterolateral thalamus have been associated with anomia, normal or increased speech output, and impaired comprehension. Visuospatial deficits may follow bilateral or unilateral right thalamic damage. Memory impairment has been attributed to lesions affecting the dorsomedial nucleus, mammillary bodies, and/or mammilothalamic tract. Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) deficiency is associated with pernicious anemia. A lack of intrinsic factor in the gastrointestinal tract resuits in deficient absorption of dietary B12 and is the most common cause of B12 deficiency. Prolonged B12 deficiency can produce peripheral neuropathy, optic atrophy, and a dementia syndrome characterized by slowed mental processing, memory impairment, depression, and confusion. Neuropsychiatric manifestations, including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, and agitation may also be seen. The transmissibility of prion disease via intracerebral inoculation with fresh-frozen brain tissue from humans with spongioform encephalopathy to primates is well established.
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DEMENTIA is a general term for a destructive set of symptoms associated with progressive brain decline. Although most people associate memory loss with the onset of dementia, one symptom may emerge "many years" before the hallmark symptom.
The parasite Entamoeba histolytica (responsible for producing amoebiasis or amoebic dysentery) and several other protozoan and helminthic parasites may produce encephalitis, chronic meningitis, and brain abscesses. The parasite Plasmodium falciparum, responsible for producing cerebral malaria, is associated with infection of capillaries within the brain producing local hemorrhages, demyelination, and neuronal degeneration. There are many reasons why someone feels apathetic. It may well be an easy to treat medical condition, such as low levels of thyroid hormone, or a psychiatric illness such as depression. But doctors need to keep in mind the possibility of apathy heralding dementia, and increasing the chance of dementia if left unaddressed, particularly if someone has a family history of dementia. The clinical course of patients with tumors is highly variable, depending on the pathology of the tumor and its location. However, with improved imaging methods, treatment can frequently be initiated early, thereby improving prognosis.
The etiology of depression and the dementia syndrome of depression remains elusive, but it is relatively clear that multiple neurotransmitter systems are involved. Disturbed functioning of nigrostriatal and frontal-limbic connections may also be involved in producing variable alertness and attention. Limbic Encephalitis involves a progressive cognitive decline over 1 to 2 years in individuals with an underlying malignancy. Oat cell carcinoma of the lung is one neoplasm that is frequently associated with limbic encephalitis, although the syndrome has been described in a variety of other cancers. Characteristic features include marked disturbance of affect, commonly involving anxiety and depression, in addition to prominent memory impairment. Hallucinations and variable alertness may also be seen. Pathological changes include neuronal loss and inflammatory changes concentrated in hippocampus and medial temporal lobe, although lateral temporal cortex, and other widespread brain regions may also be involved.
Cognitive difficulties are more prominent toward the latter stages of the disease and typically include impaired memory, dysnomia, poor judgment, psychomotor slowing, and affective disorders. Huntingtons disease has a progressive course that cannot be altered, although some control can be gained over the choreiform movements. Neuroleptic medications and tetrabenazine (a dopamine antagonist) may be helpful in this regard. The findings of reduced GABA in the basal ganglia in Huntingtons disease patients have prompted the use of GABA-ergic agents, such as isoniazid, which have also had limited success in treating choreiform movements. Intravenous injection of physostigmine has been demonstrated to reduce the movement abnormalities in Huntingtons disease, although oral administration of cholinergic compounds has not shown significant efficacy. The dementia associated with Huntingtons disease is not improved with medication. However, it is important to note that the affective disturbances, including depression, irritability, angry outbursts, and psychosis, are amenable to pharmacologic treatment.
Limbic encephalitis may result from an autoimmune response producing an attack on temporal lobe neurons, given the relatively acute presentation, inflammatory changes, and occasional presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies. View dementia research paper example. Browse psychology research paper topics for more inspiration. If you need a thorough research paper written according to all the academic standards, you can always turn to our experienced writers for help. This is how your paper can get an A! Feel free to contact our writing service for professional assistance. We offer high-quality assignments for reasonable rates. Prions are subviral, infectious, unencapsulated protein particles that resist most known forms of inactivation. They are resistant to boiling, ultraviolet light, and formalin, but they are susceptible to proteolytic treatments, such as autoclaving or immersion in a strong alkali solution. Human prion diseases include Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome, kuru and fatal familial insomnia (FFI). Animal prion diseases include bovine spongioform encephalopathy (BSE; mad cow disease), and scrapie (seen in sheep). These neurodegenerative diseases were previously thought to be due to slow viruses. Prion disease can be infectious (kuru, infectious CJD), sporadic (CJD with or without apparent somatic DNA mutation), or familial due to prion protein gene mutation (familial CJD, GSS syndrome, and FFI).
Severely depressed individuals may manifest impaired attention and concentration, disorientation, and memory deficits, which may frequently be difficult to differentiate from a dementia. In addition, a dementia syndrome of depression has been recognized. Some reports have suggested that individuals with this syndrome may exhibit greater cortical volume loss, greater anxiety, and more frequent delusions relative to depressed patients without cognitive impairment. Difficulty abstracting and grasping the meaning of situations, increased response latency, and impaired attention, concentration, and recall but relatively preserved recognition memory are common neuropsychological features. The memory deficit associated with depression is thought to be related to fluctuations in attention and concentration and is less severe than that seen in Alzheimers disease. Aphasia, apraxia, and inability to name objects are generally not present.
Symptoms associated with cerebellar dysfunction, such as ataxic gait, hypotonia, limb unsteadiness, intention tremor, and dysarthria, are common. Extracerebellar signs, such as ophthalmoplegia, deafness, hyperreflexia, and extensor plantar responses, may also occur and tend to be more indicative of olivopontocerebellar atrophy. Cerebellar degeneration may be evident on CT or MRI scans, while PET scans may show hypometabolism in the cerebellar hemispheres, cerebellar vermis, and brain stem. The inferior olivary and pontine nucleioften appear atrophied. Choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase tend to be diminished in olivopontocerebellar degeneration. The dementia syndrome is characterized by impaired attention and memory, apathy, and psychomotor retardation. PSP has a relatively rapid, progressive course that is minimally amenable to treatment.
"Apathy is one of the most common symptoms in patients with frontotemporal dementia. It is linked to functional decline, decreased quality of life, loss of independence and poorer survival," said Ms Malpetti.