Sample papers from the Publication Manual
A table is a chart that presents numerical information in a grid format. APA style recommends that a table be used only for particularly complex data or large data sets; if your table has only one or two columns, you should summarize the information within the text of a paragraph instead. My parents visited Italy and then Germany and France. I, their eldest child, was born at Naples. I traveled with them and was their only child for a few years. They loved each other and they seemed to draw inexhaustible stores of affection from a very mine of love. My parents traveled from Italy to Germany and then France. As the oldest child, I traveled with them after being born in Naples. They were very close, and shared that love they had for each other with me (Shelley, 1818, p. 78).
Table
There are various formats for tables, depending upon the
information you wish to include. See the APA manual. Be sure to
provide a table number and table title (the latter is
italicized). Tables can be single or double-spaced. Try to avoid
using secondary sources in your papers; in other words, try to
find the primary source and read it before citing it in your own
work. If you must use a secondary source, however, you should
cite it in the following way: The first step in creating an
effective paraphrase is to carefully read the original source.
Read it the first time to get the overall understanding, and then
do a second closer reading in order to gather details and
material that will help you formulate your argument. An APA
reference list differs from other formats because it lists the
authors last name and first initial only, followed by the year of
publication in parentheses. This places the emphasis on the
recency of the research rather than its publication history. APA
also has unique rules for capitalization and punctuation. Article
titles, for example, are capitalized like sentences rather than
headlines in APA reference lists and do not take quotation marks
as they do in other reference styles like MLA.
Consider large-scale social gatherings in which hundreds or thousands of people gather in a location to perform a ritual or celebrate an event. Although an extra step, it is always a good idea to read through the original source one more time to make sure that you have chosen different words and varied the sentence structure. This is a good time to add the APA requirements of author and year of the source so that you have it handy. Carefully describe any stimuli, questionnaires, and so forth. It is unnecessary to mention things such as the paper and pencil used to record the responses, the data recording sheet, the computer that ran the data analysis, the color of the computer, and so forth. APA in-text citation has a relatively simple format following the author-date system. This format applies to most kinds of references with very few exceptions. Below are the guides and examples that will help you in writing in-text citations. Generally, APA in-text citation is written with the last name of the author and year of publication separated by a comma inside the parentheses. If the name of the author is part of the narrative, only the year is enclosed in parentheses.
, Participants all sat two feet from the experimenter. ), explain WHY you did what you did. In other words, what nuisance variable were you controlling for? Your procedure should be as brief and concise as possible. Read through it. Did you repeat yourself anywhere? If so, how can you rearrange things to avoid redundancy?You may either write the instructions to the participants verbatim or paraphrase, whichever you deem more appropriate. Dont forget to include brief statements about informed consent and debriefing. For a parenthetical citation, write your paraphrase and then add the author and year in parenthesis at the end. Use a comma between the author and the year inside the parenthesis, and put the period for the end of the sentence outside the parenthesis. Secondary source is the term used to describe material that is cited in another source. If in his article entitled Behavioral Study of Obedience (1963), Stanley Milgram makes reference to the ideas of Snow (presented above), Snow (1961) is the primary source, and Milgram (1963) is the secondary source. Being a brief summary of the paper, the abstract paragraph is a crucial portion of your case study paper. You need to specify the purpose of the paper, problems addressed, all the chosen methods to bring results and possible questions that were raised.
Subsections are labeled with boldface headings that are left aligned. There are additional rules for lower-level sections, if needed. These rules for headings help to standardize the look of APA formatted papers and keep the assignments clear and easy to follow. Headings also make it possible to distinguish APA formatted paper from others from one glance. Paraphrasing is the art of putting information into your own words while writing a research paper, in order to maintain the academic integrity of your project. This is important because you need to use solid evidence as a researcher, but you need to put information into the proper format to avoid plagiarism. The American Psychological Association (APA) created a writing style in 1929 that calls for uniformity and consistency in giving credit to sources in your research. It is also good practice to pick a topic that has enough information and research material available online, so avoid picking a broad or a general topic that has a multitude of information. This can get overwhelming and confusing for you as well as your professors. So instead, narrow down the case studys topic. Co-presence does not ensure intimate interaction among all group members.
In these in stances, participants are able to see the visible manifestation of the group, the physical gathering, yet their ability to make direct, intimate connections with those around them is limited by the sheer magnitude of the assembly. (Purcell, 1997, pp. 111-112) Examples of references to journal articles start on p. 198 of the manual, and examples of references to books and book chapters start on pp. 202. Digital object identifiers (DOIs) are now included for electronic sources (see pp. 187-192 of APA manual to learn more). These sample papers demonstrate APA Style formatting standards for different paper types. You can download the Word files to use as templates and edit them as needed for the purposes of your own papers. We plan to share additional sample papers and templates in the future, including more student sample papers. From Italy they visited Germany and France. I, their eldest child, was born at Naples, and as an infant accompanied them in their rambles. I remained for several years their only child. Much as they were attached to each other, they seemed to draw inexhaustible stores of affection from a very mine of love to bestow them upon me. What did participants do, and in what order? When you list a control variable (e. g.
Another problem with paraphrasing occurs when you do half the job. Although the first and third sentences change the sentence structure and vocabulary in the sample below, there are some sections that are taken word-for-word from the original. To place the focus on the meaning of your statistical tests and their relevance to your overall argument, you should summarize each statistical relationship in clear, plain English. Also, include the important values in parentheses, and the test information and significance at the end of the sentence. For example, rather than writing this: The paraphrase above doesnt not look too similar to the original, but we could still change a few words that were also in the original phrase (like Nation, endure, and prosper). Revised, it looks like this: The goal of the discussion section is to interpret your findings and place them in the broader context of the literature in the area. A discussion section is like the reverse of the introduction, in that you begin with the specifics and work toward the more general (funnel out). Some points to consider: This article on how to write a case study in APA format gives a thorough process of delivering a quality case study paper with the appropriate format.
Paper written in apa - A case study paper is assigned to students to examine person, place, event, phenomenon, or any other type of analysis to identify, define and showcase key themes and possible solutions that can help in predicting future trends, bring out previously hidden issues that can be analyzed, and understand important research problems with better clarity.
These rules, however, apply only to the reference list and not the body text. Make sure that all in-text citations are included in the reference list. Citing references is an essential part of doing any academic or research papers. This system has two components: the in-text citation and the reference list. In this article, we will focus on in-text citations. In-text citations are meant to guide the readers in locating a specific source, so each one has a counterpart in the reference list except for two kinds of materials which are only cited in-text: classical works and personal communications. If you do not properly paraphrase your source material following the APA style, you are at the risk of losing credibility as a writer and possibly plagiarizing. Although paraphrasing is not difficult, it does take time and a little forethought to do it correctly. There are several steps you should follow in order to achieve success. Everyone knows that writing an essay is hard work. It involves research, analysis and careful development of ideas to sustain an argument that supports a powerful thesis. But even after youve mastered the hardest parts of essay writing, there is still another hurdle you need to overcome before your papers will truly be ready to submit.
That final hurdle is following your instructors required style and formatting guidelines, especially when it comes to citations. Many students find the minute details of standard writing styles to be so challenging that they are willing to go online and pay someone for help rather than try to format a paper themselves. A quality case study is an in-depth, comprehensive project that will require you to put in all your efforts and available researched information. It is not just finding information and discussing it with your peers. Confusing this issue is the overlapping nature of roles in palliative care, whereby medical needs are met by those in the medical disciplines; nonmedical needs may be addressed by anyone on the team (Csikai & Chaitin, 2006, p. 112). With his inaugural speech, Roosevelt was carefully trying to prepare citizens of the Nation to face the harsh reality that the Great Depression had caused, while also reassuring them that the country would endure and eventually prosper again. APA format has several distinctive features. One of them is its use of headings. In APA format, the introduction is not labeled. Major sections are labeled with boldface headings that are centered over the text.
Get Your Custom Paper Written 24/7 Superior Quality, Reliability and Exceptional Customer Service! - Final paragraph: Be sure to sum up your paper with a final concluding statement. Dont just trail off with an idea for a future study. End on a positive note by reminding your reader why your study was important and what it added to the literature.
The introduction of an APA-style paper is the most difficult to write. A good introduction will summarize, integrate, and critically evaluate the empirical knowledge in the relevant area(s) in a way that sets the stage for your study and why you conducted it. The introduction starts out broad (but not too broad!) and gets more focused toward the end. Here are some guidelines for constructing a good introduction: It is an abbreviated term for and others in Latin. This is used to cite multiple authors for one source. These are in-text citations and include the name of only the first author, followed by et al. APA format, developed by the American Psychological Association, is one of the four most commonly used writing formats in academia. The others are MLA, Chicago and Harvard. APA is increasing in popularity because of its distinctive use of the author-date system for in-text citations, which emphasize recency in research over authorial authority as the guiding principle in choosing sources. It subtly reminds students that new research is more likely to be useful than old.